A variety of septic leach field designs are available, with their selection influenced by factors such as drain field soil conditions, the Durham region health department codes, and property size. Here are some common types:
- Conventional Systems: This traditional setup involves a septic tank followed by a leach field. Wastewater is absorbed into the soil through perforated pipes, representing the most commonly used system.
- Chamber Systems: This design uses plastic chambers to provide a larger leach field area with open bottoms. The chambers ensure a more even distribution of liquid waste, improving overall system efficiency.
- Pressure Distribution Systems: Employing a pump for uniform effluent distribution, this system is suitable for areas with challenging soil conditions or varying elevations. The pump ensures consistent distribution throughout the leach field.
- Mound Systems: Ideal for locations with high water tables, this design involves elevating the leach field above ground level, creating a mound with soil or other materials. Effluent filters over the mound, preventing water table interference.
- Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs): These units introduce oxygen to enhance treatment, often incorporating additional chambers where aerobic bacteria efficiently break down solid waste. ATUs are well-suited for properties with limited space or challenging soil types and conditions.
- Drip Distribution Systems: Efficiently distributing effluent through underground pipes with emitters is commonly used in areas with limited space or specific soil conditions. The emitters release small doses of wastewater for optimal absorption.
- Constructed Wetlands: This design mimics natural filtration processes, directing wastewater through aquatic plants and gravel for biological treatment before absorption into the soil. It offers an eco-friendly approach to septic system functionality.
It's important to note that the suitability of a particular system depends on site-specific conditions. Adherence to local regulations is crucial in determining the appropriate septic system type for a given property, ensuring compliance and optimal performance.
